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The hamadryas baboon is one of many primate species that has been administered the mirror test.. The mirror test—sometimes called the mark test, mirror self-recognition (MSR) test, red spot technique, or rouge test—is a behavioral technique developed in 1970 by American psychologist Gordon Gallup Jr. to determine whether an animal possesses the ability of visual self-recognition. [1]
A magpie repeatedly attempts to remove the marks applied in a mirror self-recognition test. The mirror test gives insight into whether an animal is conscious of itself and able to distinguish itself from other animals by determining whether it possesses or lacks the ability to recognize itself in its own reflection.
The Eurasian magpie, for instance, is thought to rank among the world's most intelligent creatures, [1] [2] and is one of the few nonmammalian species able to recognize itself in a mirror test. [3] Magpies have shown the ability to make and use tools, imitate human speech, grieve, play games, and work in teams. [ 4 ]
The mirror test is a simple measure of self-awareness. "Mirror tests" have been done on chimpanzees, elephants, dolphins and magpies. During the test, the experimenter looks for the animals to undergo four stages: [40] social response (behaving toward the reflection as they would toward another animal of their species) physical mirror inspection
The Eurasian magpie passes the mirror test. It was thought that self-recognition was restricted to mammals with large brains and highly evolved social cognition, but absent from animals without a neocortex. However, in 2008, an investigation of self-recognition in corvids was
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Mirror self-recognition has been demonstrated in European magpies, [45] making them one of only a few species known to possess this capability. [2] The cognitive abilities of the Eurasian magpie are regarded as evidence that intelligence evolved independently in both corvids and primates.
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