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The term "black box" is used because the actual program being executed is not examined. In computing in general, a black box program is one where the user cannot see the inner workings (perhaps because it is a closed source program) or one which has no side effects and the function of which need not be examined, a routine suitable for re-use.
However, if the simplified "black box" insufficiently models the system in question, it must be opened, creating a "swarm of new actors." [ 4 ] Theorist Clay Spinuzzi points out that this simplification creates problems when “opening” a black box if a breakdown occurs.
In academic discourse, the usage of the term “black box” dates back to at least 1963 with Mario Bunge's work on a black box theory in mathematics. [18]The term “black box,” as used throughout The Black Box Society by author and law professor, Frank Pasquale, is a dual metaphor for a recording device such as a data-monitoring system and for a system whose inner workings are secret or ...
Black-box testing, sometimes referred to as specification-based testing, [1] is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without ...
A black box is a flight data recorder that collects information on communications involving pilots in cockpits and how the aircraft systems perform in-flight. It is designed to be practically ...
Black boxes can provide key data from moments before the impact. Investigators recovered the recording devices, or black boxes, from both aircraft involved in Wednesday night's midair crash near ...
Authorities investigating the Brazilian plane crash that killed all 62 on board last week now have the full transcript of the "black box" but its content did not immediately explain the cause of ...
Grey box modeling is also known as semi-physical modeling. [8] black box model: No prior model is available. Most system identification algorithms are of this type. In the context of nonlinear system identification Jin et al. [9] describe grey-box modeling by assuming a model structure a priori and then estimating the model parameters ...