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All loops must have fixed bounds. This prevents runaway code. Avoid heap memory allocation. Restrict functions to a single printed page. Use a minimum of two runtime assertions per function. Restrict the scope of data to the smallest possible. Check the return value of all non-void functions, or cast to void to indicate the return value is useless.
Where coding conventions have been specifically designed to produce high-quality code, and have then been formally adopted, they then become coding standards. Specific styles, irrespective of whether they are commonly adopted, do not automatically produce good quality code.
MISRA C is a set of software development guidelines for the C programming language developed by The MISRA Consortium. Its aims are to facilitate code safety , security , portability and reliability in the context of embedded systems , specifically those systems programmed in ISO C / C90 / C99 .
The SEI CERT Coding Standards are software coding standards developed by the CERT Coordination Center to improve the safety, reliability, and security of software systems. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Individual standards are offered for C , C++ , Java , Android OS , and Perl .
ANSI C, ISO C, and Standard C are successive standards for the C programming language published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
C23, formally ISO/IEC 9899:2024, is the current open standard for the C programming language, which supersedes C17 (standard ISO/IEC 9899:2018). [1] It was started in 2016 informally as C2x, [2] and was published on October 31, 2024. [3] The freely available draft most similar to the one published is document N3220 [4] (see Available texts, below).
The ANSI/ISO C Specification Language (ACSL) is a specification language for C programs, using Hoare style pre- and postconditions and invariants, that follows the design by contract paradigm. Specifications are written as C annotation comments to the C program, which hence can be compiled with any C compiler.
Many organizations and open-source projects adopt specific coding standards to facilitate collaboration and reduce cognitive load. Style guidelines can be formalized in documents known as coding conventions, which dictate specific formatting and naming rules. These conventions may be prescribed by official standards for a programming language ...