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  2. Prothallus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothallus

    One benefit of this is that a mutation that causes a lethal, or harmful, trait expression will cause the gametophyte to die; thus, the trait cannot be passed on to future generations, preserving the strength of the gene pool. [1] Furthermore, if individual cells of the gametophyte compete with one another, somatic mutations that reduce cell ...

  3. Plant reproduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_reproduction

    The gametophyte is the multicellular structure (plant) that is haploid, containing a single set of chromosomes in each cell. The gametophyte produces male or female gametes (or both), by a process of cell division, called mitosis. In vascular plants with separate gametophytes, female gametophytes are known as mega gametophytes (mega=large, they ...

  4. Gametophyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gametophyte

    Three of these independent gametophyte cells degenerate and the one that remains is the gametophyte mother cell which normally contains one nucleus. [24] In general, it will then divide by mitosis until it consists of 8 nuclei separated into 1 egg cell, 3 antipodal cells, 2 synergid cells, and a central cell that contains two nuclei.

  5. Alternation of generations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternation_of_generations

    At maturity, a gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis, the normal process of cell division in eukaryotes, which maintains the original number of chromosomes. Two haploid gametes (originating from different organisms of the same species or from the same organism) fuse to produce a diploid zygote , which divides repeatedly by mitosis, developing ...

  6. Gametophore - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gametophore

    Female gametophytes of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Gametophores are prominent structures in seedless plants on which the reproductive organs are borne. [citation needed] [1] The word gametophore (more accurately gametangiophore) is composed of the greek ‘gamete-,’ referring (loosely) to gametangia [citation needed] and ‘-phore’ (Greek Φορά, "to be carried"). [2]

  7. Megagametogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megagametogenesis

    The three cells left at the end of the cell near the micropylar become the egg apparatus with an egg cell in the center and two synergids. A cell wall forms around the other set of nuclei and forms the antipodals. The cells in the center develop into the central cell. This entire structure with its eight nuclei is called the embryonic sac.

  8. Plant reproductive morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology

    Each male gametophyte typically consists of two to four cells enclosed within the protective wall of a pollen grain. The sporophyte of a flowering plant is often described using sexual terms (e.g. "female" or "male") based on the sexuality of the gametophyte it gives rise to. For example, a sporophyte that produces spores that give rise only to ...

  9. Protonema - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonema

    A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage of development of the gametophyte (the haploid phase) in the life cycle of mosses. When a moss first grows from a spore , it starts as a germ tube , which lengthens and branches into a filamentous complex known as a protonema , from which a leafy ...