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An antecedent is the first half of a hypothetical proposition, whenever the if-clause precedes the then-clause. In some contexts the antecedent is called the protasis. [1] Examples: If , then . This is a nonlogical formulation of a hypothetical proposition. In this case, the antecedent is P, and the consequent is Q.
It is not true, however, that a dark room implies the presence of a broken lamp. There may be no lamp (or any light source). The lamp may also be off. In other words, the consequent (a dark room) can have other antecedents (no lamp, off-lamp), and so can still be true even if the stated antecedent is not. [1]
In this example, the first premise is a conditional statement in which "P" is the antecedent and "Q" is the consequent. The second premise "affirms" the antecedent. The conclusion, that the consequent must be true, is deductively valid. A mixed hypothetical syllogism has four possible forms, two of which are valid, while the other two are invalid.
The name denying the antecedent derives from the premise "not P", which denies the "if" clause (antecedent) of the conditional premise. The only situation where one may deny the antecedent would be if the antecedent and consequent represent the same proposition, in which case the argument is trivially valid (and it would beg the question ...
- Adverb phrase as antecedent g. Fred works hard, but Tom does not do the same. - Verb phrase as antecedent h. Susan lies all the time, which everybody knows about. - Entire clause as antecedent i. Our politicians have been pandering again. This demotivates the voters. - Entire sentence as antecedent j. Rob is a dentist and, as such, he fixes ...
The last antecedent rule is a controversial rule for interpreting statutes and contracts. The rule is that "Referential and qualifying phrases, where no contrary intention appears, refer solely to the last antecedent." [1] There are examples of judges both applying and rejecting use of the rule under similar facts. [2]
Chinese astrology — also known as Shu Xiang — dates back more than 2,000 years. Similar to traditional Western astrology, the Chinese zodiac has 12 zodiac signs that can determine a person's ...
Antecedent (behavioral psychology), the stimulus that occurs before a trained behavior; Antecedent (genealogy), antonym of descendant, genealogical predecessor in family line; Antecedent (logic), the first half of a hypothetical proposition; Antecedent moisture, in hydrology, the relative wetness condition of a catchment