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Asymmetric competition is a form of business competition in which firms compete in some markets or contexts but not in others. [1] In such cases, a firm may choose to allocate competitive resources and marketing actions among its competitors out of proportion to their market share .
Competition among plants for light is size-asymmetric because of the directionality of its supply. [2] Higher leaves shade lower leaves but not vice versa. Competition for nutrients appears to be relatively size-symmetric, [9] although it has been hypothesized that a patchy distribution of nutrients in the soil may lead to size asymmetry in competition among roots.
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, [1] is a form of chemical synthesis.It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction (or reaction sequence) in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric (enantiomeric or diastereomeric) products in unequal amounts."
A chiral molecule is a type of molecule that has a non-superposable mirror image. The feature that is most often the cause of chirality in molecules is the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom. [16] [17] The term "chiral" in general is used to describe the object that is non-superposable on its mirror image. [18]
Chiral molecules are always dissymmetric (lacking S n) but not always asymmetric (lacking all symmetry elements except the trivial identity). Asymmetric molecules are always chiral. [6] The following table shows some examples of chiral and achiral molecules, with the Schoenflies notation of the point group of the molecule.
A theory that is asymmetric with respect to chiralities is called a chiral theory, while a non-chiral (i.e., parity-symmetric) theory is sometimes called a vector theory. Many pieces of the Standard Model of physics are non-chiral, which is traceable to anomaly cancellation in chiral theories.
One example is the conversion of cis-3,5-diacetoxycyclopentene to monoacetate. This particular conversion utilizes the enzyme cholinesterase. [3] In another example, a symmetrical cyclic imide is subjected to asymmetric deprotonation resulting in a chiral product with high enantioselectivity. [4]
Contest competition is said to occur when one or a few competitors are unaffected by competition, but all others suffer greatly, either through reduction in survival or birth rates. Sometimes these types of competition are referred to as symmetric (scramble) vs. asymmetric (contest) competition.