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In digital electronics, a tri-state or three-state buffer is a type of digital buffer that has three stable states: a high output state, a low output state, and a high-impedance state. In the high-impedance state, the output of the buffer is disconnected from the output bus, allowing other devices to drive the bus without interference from the ...
In digital circuits, a logic level is one of a finite number of states that a digital signal can inhabit. Logic levels are usually represented by the voltage difference between the signal and ground, although other standards exist. The range of voltage levels that represent each state depends on the logic family being used.
A three-state logic gate is a type of logic gate that can have three different outputs: high (H), low (L) and high-impedance (Z). The high-impedance state plays no role in the logic, which is strictly binary. These devices are used on buses of the CPU to allow multiple chips to send data.
A logic signal waveform: (1) low level, (2) high level, (3) rising edge, and (4) falling edge. Main article: Logic level A waveform that switches representing the two states of a Boolean value (0 and 1, or low and high, or false and true) is referred to as a digital signal or logic signal or binary signal when it is interpreted in terms of only ...
Logic implementation designs the circuits required at a logic-gate level. Circuit implementation does transistor -level designs of basic elements (e.g., gates, multiplexers , latches ) as well as of some larger blocks ( ALUs , caches etc.) that may be implemented at the logic-gate level, or even at the physical level if the design calls for it.
Asynchronous logic components can be hard to design because all possible states, in all possible timings must be considered. The usual method is to construct a table of the minimum and maximum time that each such state can exist and then adjust the circuit to minimize the number of such states.
Logic design is a step in the standard design cycle in which the functional design of an electronic circuit is converted into the representation which captures logic operations, arithmetic operations, control flow, etc. A common output of this step is RTL description. Logic design is commonly followed by the circuit design step.
One early calculating machine, built entirely from wood by Thomas Fowler in 1840, operated in balanced ternary. [4] [5] [3] The first modern, electronic ternary computer, Setun, was built in 1958 in the Soviet Union at the Moscow State University by Nikolay Brusentsov, [6] [7] and it had notable advantages over the binary computers that eventually replaced it, such as lower electricity ...