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Figure 1. Normal adult kidney. Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by ‘+’ and a dashed line. *Column of Bertin; ** pyramid; *** cortex; **** sinus. [1] The length of the adult kidney is normally 10–12 cm, and the right kidney is often slightly longer than the left kidney.
Normal adult right kidney as seen on abdominal ultrasound with a pole to pole measurement of 9.34 cm A CT scan of the abdomen showing the position of the kidneys. The left cross-section in the upper abdomen shows the liver on the left side of scan (right side of body).
Upon presentation of decreased renal function, it is recommended to perform a history and physical examination, as well as performing a renal ultrasound and a urinalysis. [ citation needed ] The most relevant items in the history are medications , edema , nocturia , gross hematuria , family history of kidney disease, diabetes and polyuria .
In adults, cutoff values for renal pelvic dilation have been defined differently by different sources, with anteroposterior diameters ranging between 10 and 20 mm. [19] About 13% of normal healthy adults have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm. [20]
Nephrology (from Ancient Greek nephros 'kidney' and -logy 'the study of') is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal ...
The number of renal lobes is reduced, and the kidney size is less than two standard deviations from the average, with the weight often being over 50g in adults and 12–25g in children. This type of hypoplasia can be either unilateral or bilateral and is more prevalent in females by 72%.
The arterial resistivity index (also called as Resistance index, abbreviated as RI), developed by Léandre Pourcelot , is a measure of pulsatile blood flow that reflects the resistance to blood flow caused by microvascular bed distal to the site of measurement. It is primarily used in ultrasound imaging to evaluate arteries and solid organ damage.
The size of the renal pelvis plays a major role in the grading of hydronephrosis. Normally, the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis is less than 4 mm in fetuses up to 32 weeks of gestational age and 7 mm afterwards. [2] In adults, 13% of the normal population have a transverse pelvic diameter of over 10 mm. [3]