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Progressive education, or educational progressivism, is a pedagogical movement that began in the late 19th century and has persisted in various forms to the present. In Europe, progressive education took the form of the New Education Movement .
Proponents of Progressive Education and the Project Method reject traditional schooling that focuses on memorization, rote learning, strictly organized classrooms (desks in rows; students always seated), and typical forms of assessment. He has been described as a developmentalist.
Titone, Renzo (1962). "Review of The Transformation of the School. Progressivism in American Education 1876-1957". International Review of Education. 8 (3/4): 473– 475. ISSN 0020-8566. JSTOR 3441987. Weiss, Robert M. (1962). "Review of The Transformation of the School, Progressivism in American Education, 1876-1957". History of Education ...
Parker, a pioneer of the progressive school movement, rejected the traditional rigid school routine, exemplified by rote learning and the spelling-book method, and even stated that the spelling book should be burned, [3] although he did favor oral spelling. Emphasis was instead placed on social skills and self-expression through cultural ...
Theorists like John Dewey, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, whose collective work focused on how students learn, have informed the move to student-centered learning.Dewey was an advocate for progressive education, and he believed that learning is a social and experiential process by making learning an active process as children learn by doing.
Both theories are now encompassed by the broader movement of progressive education. Constructivist learning theory states that all knowledge is constructed from a base of prior knowledge. As such, children are not to be treated as a blank slate, and make sense of classroom material in the context of his or her current knowledge. [3]
The Paradox of Progressive Education: The Gary Plan and Urban Schooling, (Kennikat Press, 1979), online book review; Cremin, Lawrence A. The transformation of the school: progressivism in American education, 1896–1957 (Knopf, 1961), pp. 153-160. Dewey, John, and Evelyn Dewey. Schools of To-morrow (1915), pp 175-204 and 251-268. online
Based on the criticism that American secondary education curriculum had been designed to meet the needs of college admissions rather than those of students, the Progressive Education Association sponsored an eight-year study between 1933 and 1941 to determine whether young adults could excel in college if college admission requirements were revoked. [1]