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Alcoholic liver disease is a hepatic manifestation of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Analogous terms such as "drug-induced" or "toxic" liver disease are also used to refer to disorders caused by various drugs. [7]
Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease is a textbook on hepatology and gastroenterology for medical students, internists, and surgeons. [1] First published in 1978, it has undergone many revisions to reflect the rapid advances in internal medicine and is currently in its 11th edition.
Rarely, people with the hepatitis A virus can rapidly develop liver failure, termed fulminant hepatic failure, especially the elderly and those who had a pre-existing liver disease, especially hepatitis C. [17] [80] Mortality risk factors include greater age and chronic hepatitis C. [17] In these cases, more aggressive supportive therapy and ...
Liver diseases may be diagnosed by liver function tests–blood tests that can identify various markers. For example, acute-phase reactants are produced by the liver in response to injury or inflammation. The most common chronic liver disease is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which affects an estimated one-third of the world population. [59 ...
The liver unit that she set up at the Royal Free Hospital became the centre for both research into liver disease and the education of trainees in the specialty. In 1966, she developed, with Deborah Doniach of the Middlesex Hospital , the standard test for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis [ 15 ] and later showed that it was an autoimmune disease .
Although liver diseases transmissible among human populations were identified early in the history of medicine, the first known hepatitis with a viral etiological agent was Hepatitis A, in the picornaviridae family. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was identified as an infection distinct from Hepatitis A through its contamination of yellow fever vaccine.
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), [a] is a type of chronic liver disease. This condition is diagnosed when there is excessive fat build-up in the liver ( hepatic steatosis ), and at least one metabolic risk factor.
Chronic liver disease takes several years to develop and the condition may not be recognised unless there is clinical awareness of subtle signs and investigation of abnormal liver function tests. Testing for chronic liver disease involves blood tests, imaging including ultrasound, and a biopsy of the liver. The liver biopsy is a simple ...