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  2. Hydrochloric acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid

    Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.

  3. Acid strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_strength

    Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula, to dissociate into a proton, +, and an anion, . The dissociation or ionization of a strong acid in solution is effectively complete, except in its most concentrated solutions.

  4. Dilution (equation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_(equation)

    Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that all parts of the solution are ...

  5. Hydrogen chloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride

    At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl.

  6. Mineral acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_acid

    Mineral acids are also used directly for their corrosive properties. For example, a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from the inside of boilers, with precautions taken to prevent the corrosion of the boiler by the acid. This process is known as descaling.

  7. Qualitative inorganic analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_inorganic_analysis

    The reagent for Group 1 anions is dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or dilute sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). Carbonates give a brisk effervescence with dilute H 2 SO 4 due to the release of CO 2, a colorless gas which turns limewater milky due to formation of CaCO 3 (carbonatation).

  8. Heat of dilution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_dilution

    The heat of dilution can be defined from two perspectives: the differential heat and the integral heat. The differential heat of dilution is viewed on a micro scale, which is associated with the process in which a small amount of solvent is added to a large quantity of solution. The molar differential heat of dilution is thus defined as the enthalpy

  9. Aqua regia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_regia

    The hydrochloric acid provides a ready supply of chloride ions (Cl −), which react with the gold ions to produce tetrachloroaurate(III) anions ([AuCl 4] −), also in solution. The reaction with hydrochloric acid is an equilibrium reaction that favors formation of tetrachloroaurate(III) anions.