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Graphite flakes can cost around US$0.9/kg carbon. [20] Price of synthetic industrial diamond for grinding and polishing can range from 1200 to 13 300 USD/kg, while cost per weight of large synthetic diamonds for industrial applications can be on the order of million dollars per kilogram. [21] 7: N: Nitrogen: 0.0012506: 19 (5.263 × 10 17 kg) 0. ...
Because the liquid-to-gas expansion ratio of nitrogen is 1:694 at 20 °C (68 °F), a tremendous amount of force can be generated if liquid nitrogen is vaporized in an enclosed space. In an incident on January 12, 2006 at Texas A&M University , the pressure-relief devices of a tank of liquid nitrogen were malfunctioning and later sealed.
Regarding cost, liquid Nitrogen is remarkably cheap right now, something like $.50 per gallon delivered. But that, I understand, is because it is essentially a byproduct of the creation of more valuable liquid gases, like Oxygen, etc. If it were to become a chief product the economics would change.
For example, from May 2022 to June 2022 the average cost of gas increased by $0.88 per gallon. Data below from the U.S. Energy Administration show fuel costs from 2011 to 2023.
It adds about 10 cents of additional cost per gallon of gas, said Borenstein. ... California gas prices shot up to a record high of nearly $6.50 per gallon after multiple refineries suffered outages.
The energy density—derived from nitrogen's isobaric heat of vaporization and specific heat in gaseous state—that can theoretically be realised from liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and 27 °C ambient temperature is about 213 watt-hours per kilogram (W·h/kg), while typically only 97 W·h/kg can be achieved under realistic circumstances.
Now a gallon of gas costs $2.36 per gallon more than the worldwide average and a whopping $3.64 more than the U.S. average. Flickr. Netherlands. Cost: $7.373.
For instance, by utilizing PV systems in North Africa and the Middle East, the production costs of synthetic liquid fuels could reach as high as €11 cents per kilowatt-hour (€ct/kWh), equating to 0.96 euros per liter or 3.63 euros per gallon by 2030. (3,94 US-$ per Gallon based on calculations from 26 May 2024 without taxes).