Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
The Bohr model is a relatively primitive model of the hydrogen atom, compared to the valence shell model. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory .
For example, the elementary quantum model of the hydrogen atom describes the electric field of the hydrogen atom using a classical / Coulomb potential. [ 7 ] : 285 Likewise, in a Stern–Gerlach experiment , a charged particle is modeled as a quantum system, while the background magnetic field is described classically.
In the end, the model was replaced by the modern quantum-mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom, which was first given by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925, using Heisenberg's matrix mechanics. The current picture of the hydrogen atom is based on the atomic orbitals of wave mechanics, which Erwin Schrödinger developed in 1926.
Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
Atomic orbitals are basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (or electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model, the electron cloud of an atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of ...
In Schrödinger's quantum-mechanical theory of the hydrogen atom, the Bohr radius is the value of the radial coordinate for which the radial probability density of the electron position is highest. The expected value of the radial distance of the electron, by contrast, is 3 2 a 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3}{2}}a_{0}} .
The idea of quantum field theory began in the late 1920s with British physicist Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the energy of the electromagnetic field; just as in quantum mechanics the energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom was quantized. Quantization is a procedure for constructing a quantum theory starting from a classical theory.
The Schrödinger equation for the electron in a hydrogen atom (or a hydrogen-like atom) is = where is the electron charge, is the position of the electron relative to the nucleus, = | | is the magnitude of the relative position, the potential term is due to the Coulomb interaction, wherein is the permittivity of free space and = + is the 2-body ...