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Signs of asynclitism which may be observed without medical diagnostic equipment include visual asymmetric baby bumps, caused by the baby's head being tilted asymmetrically in relation to the mother's pelvis, or by an abnormal buildup of amniotic fluid. [15]
Shoulder dystocia is when, after vaginal delivery of the head, the baby's anterior shoulder gets caught above the mother's pubic bone. [3] [1] Signs include retraction of the baby's head back into the vagina, known as "turtle sign". [1] Complications for the baby may include brachial plexus injury, or clavicle fracture.
This treatise for midwives demonstrated abnormal presentations at birth and their management. She was the first to describe a two-handed method of performing an internal rotation of the baby to extract it as a breech (a variation of which is performed today on the second twin, see above) using a sling. [6]
abnormal birth position; asynclitic birth (asinclitismus) abnormal fetal attitude (extensor inserting head) obstetric turn; acceleration and stimulation of birth; breech presentation; forceps and vacuum extraction [5] While any number of injuries may occur during the birthing process, a number of specific conditions are well described.
In obstetrics, a cephalic presentation or head presentation or head-first presentation is a situation at childbirth where the fetus is in a longitudinal lie and the head enters the pelvis first; the most common form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation, where the occiput is the leading part (the part that first enters the birth canal). [1]
Presentation of twins in Der Rosengarten ("The Rose Garden"), a German standard medical text for midwives published in 1513. In obstetrics, the presentation of a fetus about to be born specifies which anatomical part of the fetus is leading, that is, is closest to the pelvic inlet of the birth canal.
As abnormal reflexes, both the ATNR and the TLR can cause problems for the growing child. The ATNR and TLR both hinder functional activities such as rolling, bringing the hands together, or even bringing the hands to the mouth. Over time, both the ATNR and TLR can cause serious damage to the growing child's joints and bones.
The tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) is a primitive reflex found in newborn humans. With this reflex, tilting the head back (extension) while lying on the stomach causes the back to stiffen and even arch backwards, the legs to straighten, stiffen, and push together, the toes to point, the arms to straighten (not bend at the elbows and wrists, and the hands to become fisted or the fingers to curl).