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In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. [1] Viral genomes contain either ...
Transmittance of a de novo mutation in germ cells to offspring. A germline mutation, or germinal mutation, is any detectable variation within germ cells (cells that, when fully developed, become sperm and ova). [1] Mutations in these cells are the only mutations that can be passed on to offspring, when either a mutated sperm or oocyte come ...
Point mutation. Schematic of a single-stranded RNA molecule illustrating a series of three-base codons. Each three- nucleotide codon corresponds to an amino acid when translated to protein. When one of these codons is changed by a point mutation, the corresponding amino acid of the protein is changed. A point mutation is a genetic mutation ...
The human germline mutation rate is approximately 0.5×10 −9 per basepair per year. [ 1 ] In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene, nucleotide sequence, or organism over time. [ 2 ] Mutation rates are not constant and are not limited to a single type of mutation; there are many different types of ...
Somatic mutation. A somatic mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of a somatic cell of a multicellular organism with dedicated reproductive cells; that is, any mutation that occurs in a cell other than a gamete, germ cell, or gametocyte. Unlike germline mutations, which can be passed on to the descendants of an organism, somatic mutations ...
Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals [1] or the differences between populations among the same species. [2] The multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination. [3] Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms, such as genetic drift, contribute to it, as well.
Mutagenesis. Mutagenesis (/ mjuːtəˈdʒɛnɪsɪs /) is a process by which the genetic information of an organism is changed by the production of a mutation. It may occur spontaneously in nature, or as a result of exposure to mutagens. It can also be achieved experimentally using laboratory procedures.
Insertion (genetics) In genetics, an insertion (also called an insertion mutation) is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping. Insertions can be anywhere in size from one base pair incorrectly inserted into a DNA sequence to a ...