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Cerci (sg.: cercus) are paired appendages usually on the rear-most segments of many arthropods, including insects and symphylans. Many forms of cerci serve as sensory organs, but some serve as pinching weapons or as organs of copulation. [1] In many insects, they simply may be functionless vestigial structures.
Typically, each body segment carries one pair of appendages. An appendage which is modified to assist in feeding is known as a maxilliped or gnathopod. [citation needed] In annelids lateral protrusions from the body are called parapodia. In echinoderms an appendage called a pedicellaria is found. The end of the pedicellaria consists of valves ...
The mouthparts of arthropods have evolved into a number of forms, each adapted to a different style or mode of feeding. Most mouthparts represent modified, paired appendages, which in ancestral forms would have appeared more like legs than mouthparts.
Crustacean appendages are typically biramous, meaning they are divided into two parts; this includes the second pair of antennae, but not the first, which is usually uniramous, the exception being in the Class Malacostraca where the antennules may be generally biramous or even triramous.
Arthropods are invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments
the paraprocts: paired plate-like appendages also derived from the sternum at the side of the tip of the abdomen, often most apparent in certain basal orders such as Odonata; the cerci : a pair of appendages which articulate laterally on segment 11; typically, these are annulated and filamentous but have been modified (e.g. the forceps of ...
Paired, mobile, and segmented, they are located between the eyes on the forehead. Embryologically, they represent the appendages of the second head segment. [8] All insects have antennae, however they may be greatly reduced in the larval forms. Amongst the non-insect classes of the Hexapoda, both Collembola and Diplura have antenna, but Protura ...
The precise definition of "tetrapod" is a subject of strong debate among paleontologists who work with the earliest members of the group. ... the paired appendages ...