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A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
An 18650 battery [1] or 1865 cell [2] is a cylindrical lithium-ion battery common in electronic devices. The batteries measure 18 mm (0.71 in) in diameter by 65 mm (2.56 in) in length, giving them the name 18650. [3] The battery comes in many nominal voltages depending on the specific chemistry used.
The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 battery) or LFP battery (lithium ferrophosphate) is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode.
Lithium–iron disulfide: Li-FeS 2 FR Iron disulfide: No 1989 [43] 0.9 [43] 1.5 [43] 1.8 [43] 1.07 (297) [43] 2.1 (580) [44] 10-20 [44] Lithium–titanate: Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 LTO: Lithium manganese oxide or Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide Yes 2008 [45] 1.6–1.8 [46] 2.3–2.4 [46] 2.8 [46] 0.22–0.40 (60–110) 0.64 (177) 3,000– 5,100 [47 ...
Examples include the lead–acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics such as laptops and mobile phones. Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to, at the largest extreme, huge battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby or ...
Prices of lithium-ion batteries have fallen over time. Overall, between 1991 and 2018, prices for all types of lithium-ion cells (in dollars per kWh) fell approximately 97%. [79] Over the same time period, energy density more than tripled. [79] Efforts to increase energy density contributed significantly to cost reduction. [83]
Schematic of a lithium ion battery. Initially, lithium cobalt oxide was used as the cathode and polyacetylene as the anode. Later in 1985, it was found that using lithium cobalt oxide as the cathode and graphite as the anode produced an excellent secondary battery with enhanced stability, employing the frontier electron theory of Kenichi Fukui. [4]
A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly, lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly, lithium-poly, and others), is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte. Highly conductive semisolid polymers form this electrolyte.