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Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) [c] was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651 and King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France.
When Charles I was beheaded on 30 January 1649 the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was: Charles, Prince of Wales (born 1630), eldest son of Charles I; Prince James, Duke of York (born 1633), second son of Charles I; Prince Henry (born 1639), third son of Charles I
Charles II of Spain [a] (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) [b] was King of Spain from 1665 to 1700. The last monarch from the House of Habsburg, which had ruled Spain since 1516, he died without children, leading to a European conflict over his successor. For reasons still debated, Charles experienced lengthy periods of ill health throughout ...
James lawfully succeeded his brother, Charles II, to the throne on 6 February 1685, as Charles did not have any legitimate children. [42] [43] When James fled the country in 1688, the English Parliament declared that he had abdicated [2] and the Scottish Convention of Estates declared he had forfeited his crown. [5]
There have been 13 British monarchs since the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707.England and Scotland had been in personal union since 24 March 1603; while the style, "King of Great Britain" first arose at that time, legislatively the title came into force in 1707.
Elizabeth's cousin, King James VI of Scotland, succeeded to the English throne as James I in the Union of the Crowns. James was descended from the Tudors through his great-grandmother, Margaret Tudor , the eldest daughter of Henry VII and wife of James IV of Scotland .
The Monmouth Rebellion, also known as the Pitchfork Rebellion, the Revolt of the West or the West Country rebellion, was an attempt to depose James II, who in February 1685 succeeded his brother Charles II as king of England, Scotland and Ireland.
James, second surviving son of King Charles I and his wife, Henrietta Maria of France, was born at St James's Palace in London on 14 October 1633. [7] Later that same year, he was baptized by William Laud, the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury. [8]