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Consequently, Polish spelling in the Middle Ages was highly inconsistent, as different writers used different systems to represent these sounds, For example, in early documents the letter c could signify the sounds now written c, cz, k, while the letter z was used for the sounds now written z, ż, ś, ź.
In the Polish language, ż is the final, 32nd letter of the alphabet. It typically represents the voiced retroflex fricative ( [ʐ] ), somewhat similar to the pronunciation of g in "mira g e"; however, in a word-final position or when followed by a voiceless obstruent, it is devoiced to the voiceless retroflex fricative ( [ʂ] ).
The accented letters also have their own sections in dictionaries (words beginning with ć are not usually listed under c ). Digraphs are not given any special treatment in alphabetical ordering. For example, ch is treated simply as c followed by h and not as a single letter as in Czech.
In English crip slang, cc can sometimes replace the letters ck or ct at the ends of words, such as with thicc, protecc, succ and fucc. cg was used for [ddʒ] or [gg] in Old English (ecg in Old English sounded like 'edge' in Modern English, while frocga sounded like 'froga'), where both are long consonants.
However, a subset of hard consonants, c, dz, sz, ż/rz, cz, dż , often derive from historical palatalizations (for example, rz usually represents a historical palatalized r ) and behaves like the soft consonants in some respects (for example, they normally take e in the nominative plural). These sounds may be called "hardened" or "historically ...
The spelling rule for the alveolo-palatal sounds /ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɲ/ is as follows: before the vowel i the plain letters s z c dz n are used; before other vowels the combinations si zi ci dzi ni are used; when not followed by a vowel the diacritic forms ś ź ć dź ń are used. This is different from Steuer's alphabet, where soft consonants ...
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Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples ze-[1]boil: Greek: ζεῖν (zeîn), ζεστός (zestós), ζέσις, ζέμα, ζέματος (zéma, zématos)