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Consequently, Polish spelling in the Middle Ages was highly inconsistent, as different writers used different systems to represent these sounds, For example, in early documents the letter c could signify the sounds now written c, cz, k, while the letter z was used for the sounds now written z, ż, ś, ź.
The accented letters also have their own sections in dictionaries (words beginning with ć are not usually listed under c ). Digraphs are not given any special treatment in alphabetical ordering. For example, ch is treated simply as c followed by h and not as a single letter as in Czech.
In English crip slang, cc can sometimes replace the letters ck or ct at the ends of words, such as with thicc, protecc, succ and fucc. cg was used for [ddʒ] or [gg] in Old English (ecg in Old English sounded like 'edge' in Modern English, while frocga sounded like 'froga'), where both are long consonants.
Words: 'n, as, vir, nie. Similar to Dutch, but: the common Dutch letters c and z are rare and used only in loanwords (e.g. chalet); the common Dutch vowel ij is not used; instead, i and y are used (e.g. -lik, sy); the common Dutch word ending -en is rare, being replaced by -e.
The spelling rule for the alveolo-palatal sounds /ɕ ʑ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ɲ/ is as follows: before the vowel i the plain letters s z c dz n are used; before other vowels the combinations si zi ci dzi ni are used; when not followed by a vowel the diacritic forms ś ź ć dź ń are used. This is different from Steuer's alphabet, where soft consonants ...
initialism = an abbreviation pronounced wholly or partly using the names of its constituent letters, e.g., CD = compact disc, pronounced cee dee pseudo-blend = an abbreviation whose extra or omitted letters mean that it cannot stand as a true acronym, initialism, or portmanteau (a word formed by combining two or more words).
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Polish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
In the Polish language, ż is the final, 32nd letter of the alphabet. It typically represents the voiced retroflex fricative ( [ʐ] ), somewhat similar to the pronunciation of g in "mira g e"; however, in a word-final position or when followed by a voiceless obstruent, it is devoiced to the voiceless retroflex fricative ( [ʂ] ).