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Antiandrogens, also known as androgen antagonists or testosterone blockers, are a class of drugs that prevent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from mediating their biological effects in the body. They act by blocking the androgen receptor (AR) and/or inhibiting or suppressing androgen production.
In response to the antimineralocorticoid activity spironolactone, and in an attempt to maintain homeostasis, the body increases aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex. [208] [209] [210] Some studies have found that levels of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone that is also produced in the adrenal cortex, are increased as well.
A mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) [1] or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors. This group of drugs is often used as adjunctive therapy, in combination with other drugs, for the management of chronic heart failure .
However, some studies have observed increased cortisol levels with spironolactone treatment, [130] [131] possibly because of the antimineralocorticoid activity of spironolactone, which prevents negative feedback of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis), and thereby upregulates ...
Potassium-sparing diuretics or antikaliuretics [1] refer to drugs that cause diuresis without causing potassium loss in the urine. [2] They are typically used as an adjunct in management of hypertension, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure. [3] The steroidal aldosterone antagonists can also be used for treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism.
[6] [7] It decreases circulating DHT levels by up to about 70%. [8] Dutasteride (brand name Avodart) inhibits all three 5α-reductase isoenzymes and can decrease DHT levels by 95%. [9] [10] It can also reduce DHT levels in the prostate by 97 to 99% in men with prostate cancer.
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is a major blood pressure regulating mechanism. Markers of electrolyte and water imbalance in the body such as hypotension, low distal tubule sodium concentration, decreased blood volume and high sympathetic tone trigger the release of the enzyme renin from the cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus in ...
Fludrocortisone has been used in the treatment of cerebral salt-wasting syndrome. [8] It is used primarily to replace the missing hormone aldosterone in various forms of adrenal insufficiency such as Addison's disease and the classic salt-wasting (21-hydroxylase deficiency) form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.