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Diabetes: α-glucosidase and alpha-amylase inhibitors are found in several raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon [18] and bacteria containing acarbose [19] They are used as anti-diabetic drugs. The intake of a single dose of before a meal containing complex carbohydrates clearly suppresses the glucose spike and may decrease the postprandial ...
The pancreas and salivary gland make amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. Specific amylase proteins are designated by different Greek
Glucan 1,4-α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3, glucoamylase, amyloglucosidase, γ-amylase, lysosomal α-glucosidase, acid maltase, exo-1,4-α-glucosidase, glucose amylase, γ-1,4-glucan glucohydrolase, acid maltase, 1,4-α-D-glucan glucohydrolase) is an enzyme located on the brush border of the small intestine with systematic name 4-α-D-glucan glucohydrolase.
Acarbose also blocks pancreatic alpha-amylase in addition to inhibiting membrane-bound alpha-glucosidases. Pancreatic alpha-amylase hydrolyzes complex starches to oligosaccharides in the lumen of the small intestine. Inhibition of these enzyme systems reduces the rate of digestion of carbohydrates. Less glucose is absorbed because the ...
Alpha-glucan was used in conjunction with modified starch molecules that contained porous starch granules via hydrolysis with amylotic enzymes such as α-amylase, β-amylase, and glucoamylase. [4] An α-glucan coating boasts protection from digestive environments, such as the small intestine, efficient encapsulation, and preservation rates.
Human enzymes do transform acarbose: the pancreatic alpha-amylase is able to perform a rearrangement reaction, moving the glucose unit in the "tail" maltose to the "head" of the molecule. Analog drugs with the "tail" glucose removed or flipped to an α(1-6) linkage resist this transformation. [14]
In the European Union (EU), HFCS is known as isoglucose or glucose–fructose syrup (GFS) which has 20–30% fructose content compared to 42% (HFCS 42) and 55% (HFCS 55) in the United States. [21] While HFCS is produced exclusively with corn in the U.S., manufacturers in the EU use corn and wheat to produce GFS.
Maltase-glucoamylase is an alpha-glucosidase digestive enzyme. It consists of two subunits with differing substrate specificity. Recombinant enzyme studies have shown that its N-terminal catalytic domain has highest activity against maltose, while the C-terminal domain has a broader substrate specificity and activity against glucose oligomers. [7]