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The mentalis muscle causes a weak upward-inward movement of the soft tissue complex of the chin. [2] This raises the central portion of the lower lip. [2] In the setting of lip incompetence (the upper and lower lips not touching each other at rest), the contraction of the mentalis muscle can bring temporary but strained oral competence.
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by irregular, involuntary muscle contractions on one side (hemi-) of the face (-facial). [1] The facial muscles are controlled by the facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve), which originates at the brainstem and exits the skull below the ear where it separates into five main branches.
spasms of jaw opening; sideways deviation or protrusion of the jaw; lip tightening and pursing; drawing back (retraction) of the corners of the mouth; deviation or protrusion of the tongue. jaw pain; difficulties eating and drinking; difficulties speaking ; Blepharospasm symptoms. the first symptom to appear is an increased rate of blinking [2]
It is a benign genetic disorder linked to chromosome 9q13-q21 [1] where there are episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip.The movements consist of rapid fluttering or trembling at about 8 Hz superimposed onto a once per three seconds movement of higher amplitude and occur symmetrically in the V-shaped muscle.
The depressor labii inferioris muscle helps to depress and everts the lower lip. [1] It is the most important of the muscles of the lower lip for this function. [1] It is an antagonist of the orbicularis oris muscle. [1] It is needed to expose the mandibular (lower) teeth during smiling. [1]
Indications of dystonic spasms include platysma spasms, mouth corner retractions, tongue dyskinesia, bruxism, lip pursing or sucking, facial grimacing, and nasal contractions. [1] Breathing issues or dysarthria are also infrequently reported. [8] The onset of symptoms is more common in women and typically occurs between the ages of 40 and 70.
Symptoms vary according to the kind of dystonia involved. In most cases, dystonia tends to lead to abnormal posturing, in particular on movement. Many individuals with the condition have continuous pain, cramping, and relentless muscle spasms due to involuntary muscle movements. Other motor symptoms are possible including lip smacking. [16]
Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to an uncontrollable movement of the upper body or lower extremities. Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognized. [3] Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders that are distinguished by their underlying ...