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Phenoxyethanol has germicidal and germistatic properties. [6] It is often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.. Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; [7] a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; [8] an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; [9] [10] and in organic ...
The abbreviation PrEP now typically refers to pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention, the use of antiviral drugs as a strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. [2] PrEP is one of a number of HIV prevention strategies for people who are HIV negative but who have a higher risk of acquiring HIV, including sexually active adults at increased risk of contracting HIV, people who engage in ...
p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. [ 1 ] It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar .
In drug development, preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
In 2012, the FDA approved the drug for use as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), based on growing evidence that the drug was safe and effective at preventing HIV in populations at increased risk of infection. [41] The FDA has approved two additional medications for PrEP since then, approving Descovy in 2019 and Cabotegravir (Apretude) in 2021. [4 ...
The design of a clinical trial will depend on the drug and the phase of its development. Some clinical trials are conducted after a device or drug is approved to follow for safety. Control group is a group (or cohort) of individual patients that is used as a standard of comparison within a clinical trial. The control group may be taking a ...
Toxicology testing is commonly conducted during preclinical development for a substance intended for human exposure. Stages of in silico, in vitro and in vivo research are conducted to determine safe exposure doses in model organisms. If necessary, the next phase of research involves human toxicology testing during a first-in-man study.
Dose-ranging is usually a pre-clinical, phase I or early phase II clinical trial. Typically a dose ranging study will include a placebo group of subjects, and a few groups that receive different doses of the test drug. For instance, a typical dose-ranging study may include four groups: a placebo group, low-dose group, medium-dose group and a ...