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Marquess, Margrave, or Marquis (literally "Count of a March" (=Border territory)) was the ruler of a marquessate, margraviate, or march. The female equivalent is Marchioness, Margravine, or Marquise. Grand Župan, a more influential Župan. Landgrave (literally "Land Count"), a German title, ruler of a landgraviate (large / provincial territory).
The etymological heir of the margrave in Europe's nobilities is the marquis, also introduced in countries that never had any margraviates, such as the British marquess; their languages may use one or two words, e.g. French margrave or marquis. The margrave/marquis ranked below its nation's equivalent of "duke" (Britain, France, Germany ...
The theoretical distinction between a marquess and other titles has, since the Middle Ages, faded into obscurity. In times past, the distinction between a count and a marquess was that the land of a marquess, called a march, was on the border of the country, while a count's land, called a county, often was not. As a result of this, a marquess ...
The following tables only show peerages, still in existence. For lists of every peerage created at a particular rank, including extinct, dormant, and abeyant peerages, see: List of dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland; List of marquessates in the peerages of Britain and Ireland; List of earldoms
Marquis, marchese and margrave (Markgraf) all had their origins in feudal lords who held trusted positions in the borderlands. The English title was a foreign importation from France, tested out tentatively in 1385 by Richard II , but not naturalized until the mid-15th century, and now more often spelled " marquess ".
A marcher lord (Welsh: barwn y mers) was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales. A marcher lord was the English equivalent of a margrave (in the Holy Roman Empire ) or a marquis (in France) before the introduction of the title of "marquess" in Britain; no marcher lord ...
The definite article the in the middle of two or more titles is sometimes capitalized, as in these tables. However this is controversial: traditional British guides use the lower-case the . As a single example, Debrett's gives "Major-General the Lord ...", [ 6 ] and Pears' Cyclopaedia in the section on Modes of Address gives several examples ...
Hou (侯; hóu: "marquess", "marquis", "margrave"), usually with the same emphasis on being a national borderland march lord as indicated by the element mar-present in its roughly analogous translations. These lineages, granted some of the largest and most promising peerages at the beginning of the Western Zhou, tended to possess the most ...