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  2. Phenoxyethanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenoxyethanol

    Phenoxyethanol has germicidal and germistatic properties. [6] It is often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.. Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; [7] a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; [8] an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; [9] [10] and in organic ...

  3. p-Phenylenediamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Phenylenediamine

    p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. [ 1 ] It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar .

  4. Investigational New Drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigational_new_drug

    The United States Food and Drug Administration's Investigational New Drug (IND) program is the means by which a pharmaceutical company obtains permission to start human clinical trials and to ship an experimental drug across state lines (usually to clinical investigators) before a marketing application for the drug has been approved.

  5. Experimental drug - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_drug

    In the United States, the body responsible for approval is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which must grant the substance Investigational New Drug (IND) status before it can be tested in human clinical trials. IND status requires the drug's sponsor to submit an IND application that includes data from laboratory and animal testing for ...

  6. Preclinical development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preclinical_development

    In drug development, preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.

  7. Patch test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patch_test

    A patch test relies on the principle of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.. The first step in becoming allergic is sensitization. When skin is exposed to an allergen, the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) – also known as Langerhans cell or Dermal Dendritic Cell – phagocytize the substance, break it down to smaller components and present them on their surface bound major histocompatibility ...

  8. Toxicology testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicology_testing

    Toxicology testing is commonly conducted during preclinical development for a substance intended for human exposure. Stages of in silico, in vitro and in vivo research are conducted to determine safe exposure doses in model organisms. If necessary, the next phase of research involves human toxicology testing during a first-in-man study.

  9. Glossary of clinical research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_clinical_research

    Refers to the practices and procedures used for the prevention, treatment, or relief of symptoms of a diseases or abnormal conditions. This term may also refer to a legal drug used for the same purpose. (NCI) Meta-analysis The formal evaluation of the quantitative evidence from two or more trials bearing on the same question.

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