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2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (or DDQ) is the chemical reagent with formula C 6 Cl 2 (CN) 2 O 2. This oxidant is useful for the dehydrogenation of alcohols, [3] phenols, [4] and steroid ketones. [5] DDQ decomposes in water, but is stable in aqueous mineral acid. [6]
1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as para-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula C 6 H 4 O 2. In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine , bleach , and hot plastic or formaldehyde.
The auto-oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine and its precursor L-Dopa generates the comparatively stable dopamine quinone which inhibits the functioning of dopamine transporter (DAT) and the TH enzyme and leads to low mitochondrial ATP production. [15] The benzoquinone blattellaquinone is a sex pheromone in cockroaches.
When colorless hydroquinone and benzoquinone - bright yellow in solid form - are cocrystallized at a 1:1 ratio, a dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (melting point 171 °C), known as quinhydrone (C 6 H 6 O 2 ·C 6 H 4 O 2), is formed. This complex dissolves in hot water, dissociating both quinone molecules in solution.
2-Substituted phenols form ortho quinones upon oxidation. These products are unstable and undergo dimerization. [5] (5) When external nucleophiles are added to phenolic oxidations, further reactions of the nucleophile with the resulting quinone may occur. Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions have been observed in this context. [8] (6)
A general observation is that there is high variation in the extent of damage due to benzene poisoning. A possible explanation is the accumulation of phenols and hydroquinone in the target organ—the bone marrow—and subsequent oxidation of these metabolites to reactive quinone metabolites via a number of possible pathways. [11]
Samuel J. Danishefsky's synthesis of both (+) and (-) peribysin began with a Saegusa–Ito oxidation of the Diels-Alder adduct of carvone and 3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene to yield the enone below. In this case the oxidation tolerated the presence of alkene and carbonyl moieties. [11] Danishefsky synthesis of peribysin
Blood is normally sterile. [1] The presence of bacteria in the blood is termed bacteremia, and the presence of fungi is called fungemia. [2] Minor damage to the skin [3] or mucous membranes, which can occur in situations like toothbrushing or defecation, [4] [5] can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, but this bacteremia is normally transient and is rarely detected in cultures because the ...