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The lemma or citation form of a Korean verb is the form that ends in ta 다 da without a tense-aspect marker. For verbs, this form was used as an imperfect declarative form in Middle Korean, [3] but is no longer used in Modern Korean. [4] For adjectives, this form is the non-past declarative form.
The composition of a main verb (or adjective) and a supporting verb (or adjective) can be used in this case, alongside some grammatical features. Suffixes including -아/어 -a/eo , -게 -ge , -지 -ji , and -고 -go are taken by the main verb (or adjective), and the supporting verb (or adjective) follows it and is conjugated .
Unlike English adjectives, however, Korean stative verbs don't require a copula. They are not modifiers of nouns, and they are never followed by nouns. Unless I'm mixed up about what a copula is, the above sentence is dead wrong: it's just the opposite: Like English adjectives, Korean descriptive verbs modify nouns.
The word copula derives from the Latin noun for a "link" or "tie" that connects two different things. [1] [2] A copula is often a verb or a verb-like word, though this is not universally the case. [3] A verb that is a copula is sometimes called a copulative or copular verb. In English primary education grammar courses, a copula is often called ...
There are seven verb paradigms or speech levels in Korean, and each level has its own unique set of verb endings which are used to indicate the level of formality of a situation. Unlike honorifics – which are used to show respect towards someone mentioned in a sentence – speech levels are used to show respect towards a speaker's or writer's ...
In some languages, [5] predicative adjectives and copular complements receive a form of person agreement that is distinct from that used on ordinary predicative verbs. Although that is a form of conjugation in that it refers back to the person of the subject, it is not "verbal" because it always derives from pronouns that have become clitic to ...
Emphasized adjectives: 노랗다 (norata) means plain yellow, while its negative, 누렇다 (nureota), means dark yellow; 파랗다 (parata) means plain blue, while its negative, 퍼렇다 (peoreota), means deep blue; Particles at the end of verbs: 잡다 (japda) (to catch) → 잡았다 (jabatda) (caught)
The ending carries grammatical information, including case, number, and gender. [1] Gender is an inherent property of a noun but is part of the inflection of an adjective, because it must agree with the gender of the noun it modifies. [2] Thus, the general morphological form of such words is R+S+E: