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Throughout the 12th and much of the 13th century, the Land of Israel became the centre for intermittent religious wars between European Christian and Muslim armies as part of the Crusades, with the Kingdom of Jerusalem being almost entirely overrun by Saladin's Ayyubids late in the 12th century, although the Crusaders managed to first expand ...
Conquest of Jerusalem by the Crusaders (13th- or 14th-century miniature) The Crusaders conquered the city in 1099 and held it until its conquest by the army of Saladin at the siege of Jerusalem in 1187 and its surrender to the Ayyubid dynasty, a Muslim sultanate that ruled in the Middle East in the early 12th century. [3]
At first the kingdom was little more than a loose collection of towns and cities captured during the First Crusade, but at its height in the mid-12th century, the kingdom encompassed roughly the territory of modern-day Israel, Palestine, and the southern parts of Lebanon.
Israel and the United Arab Emirates sign a peace treaty. [61] 30 April 2021 45 people are killed in the 2021 Meron stampede during Lag BaOmer. [62] 7 October 2023 In the day considered the deadliest for Jews since the Holocaust, as well as deadliest day in Israel's history, 1,390 people are killed in the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel. [63]
The term Middle Ages (in other words: the medieval period) in regard to the history of Jerusalem, is defined by archaeologists such as S. Weksler-Bdolah as the time span consisting of the 12th and 13th centuries. [2]
Israel captured East Jerusalem during the Six-Day War in 1967, uniting the city under Israeli control. The status of Jerusalem remains a highly contentious issue, with both Israelis and Palestinians claiming it as their capital. Historiographically, the city's history is often interpreted through the lens of competing national narratives.
The process was gradual [23] and a strong Egyptian presence continued into the 12th century BCE, and, while some Canaanite cities were destroyed, others continued to exist in Iron Age I. [24] The name "Israel" first appears in the Merneptah Stele c. 1208 BCE: "Israel is laid waste and his seed is no more."
28 June: Israel declares Jerusalem unified and announces free access to holy sites of all religions. 1968: Israel starts rebuilding the Jewish Quarter, confiscating 129 dunams (0.129 km 2) of land which had made up the Jewish Quarter before 1948. [89] 6000 residents and 437 shops are evicted. [90]