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  2. Cambridge Reference Sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Reference_Sequence

    The Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS) for human mitochondrial DNA was first announced in 1981. [ 2 ] A group led by Fred Sanger at the University of Cambridge had sequenced the mitochondrial genome of one woman of European descent [ 3 ] during the 1970s, determining it to have a length of 16,569 base pairs (0.0006% of the nuclear human genome ...

  3. Mitochondrial DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

    The 37 genes of the Cambridge Reference Sequence for human mitochondrial DNA and their locations [39] Gene Type Product Positions in the mitogenome Strand MT-ATP8: protein coding: ATP synthase, Fo subunit 8 (complex V) 08,366–08,572 (overlap with MT-ATP6) H MT-ATP6: protein coding ATP synthase, Fo subunit 6 (complex V)

  4. MT-ND2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-ND2

    MT-ND2 is located in mitochondrial DNA from base pair 4,470 to 5,511. [5] The MT-ND2 gene produces a 39 kDa protein composed of 347 amino acids. [10] [11] MT-ND2 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), together with MT-ND1, MT-ND3, MT-ND4, MT-ND4L, MT-ND5, and MT-ND6.

  5. MT-ND4 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-ND4

    The MT-ND4 gene is located in human mitochondrial DNA from base pair 10,760 to 12,137. [5] [11] The MT-ND4 gene produces a 52 kDa protein composed of 459 amino acids.[12] [13] MT-ND4 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), together with MT-ND1, MT-ND2, MT-ND3, MT-ND4L, MT-ND5, and MT-ND6.

  6. Hypervariable region - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervariable_region

    Getting HVR1 and HVR2 DNA tests can help determine one's haplogroup. In the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence of the human mitogenome, the most variable sites of HVR1 are numbered 16024-16383 (this subsequence is called HVR-I), and the most variable sites of HVR2 are numbered 57-372 ( i.e., HVR-II) and 438-574 ( i.e., HVR-III).

  7. Human mitochondrial molecular clock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial...

    The human mitochondrial molecular clock is the rate at which mutations have been accumulating in the mitochondrial genome of hominids during the course of human evolution. The archeological record of human activity from early periods in human prehistory is relatively limited and its interpretation has been controversial.