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High-tensile steels are low-carbon, or steels at the lower end of the medium-carbon range, [citation needed] which have additional alloying ingredients in order to increase their strength, wear properties or specifically tensile strength. These alloying ingredients include chromium, molybdenum, silicon, manganese, nickel, and vanadium.
Steel for rail use: Minimum Yield Case: H: High Tensile Strength Flat products: ... Carbon steels 1.1141 1.0401 1.0453: C15D C18D: 1010 1018: CK15 C15 C16.8: 040A15 ...
Type 316L—is an extra low carbon grade of 316, generally used in stainless steel watches and marine applications, as well exclusively in the fabrication of reactor pressure vessels for boiling water reactors, due to its high resistance to corrosion. Also referred to as "A4" in accordance with ISO 3506.
Both carbon and alloy steels are suitable for case-hardening; typically mild steels are used, with low carbon content, usually less than 0.3% (see plain-carbon steel for more information). These mild steels are not normally hardenable due to the low quantity of carbon, so the surface of the steel is chemically altered to increase the hardenability.
Alloy steels divide into two groups: low and high alloy. The boundary between the two is disputed. Smith and Hashemi define the difference at 4.0%, [1]: 393 while Degarmo, et al., define it at 8.0%. [2]: 112 Most alloy steels are low-alloy.
On the other end of the spectrum, low-carbon steels are troublesome because they are too soft. Low-carbon steels are "gummy" and stick to the cutting tool, resulting in a built up edge that shortens tool life. Therefore, steel has the best machinability with medium amounts of carbon, about 0.20%. [5] Chromium, molybdenum and other alloying ...