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  2. Ordination (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination_(statistics)

    Ordination or gradient analysis, in multivariate analysis, is a method complementary to data clustering, and used mainly in exploratory data analysis (rather than in hypothesis testing). In contrast to cluster analysis, ordination orders quantities in a (usually lower-dimensional) latent space. In the ordination space, quantities that are near ...

  3. Gradient method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_method

    In optimization, a gradient method is an algorithm to solve problems of the form min x ∈ R n f ( x ) {\displaystyle \min _{x\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}\;f(x)} with the search directions defined by the gradient of the function at the current point.

  4. Conjugate gradient squared method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gradient_squared...

    As with the conjugate gradient method, biconjugate gradient method, and similar iterative methods for solving systems of linear equations, the CGS method can be used to find solutions to multi-variable optimisation problems, such as power-flow analysis, hyperparameter optimisation, and facial recognition. [8]

  5. LightGBM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LightGBM

    LightGBM, short for Light Gradient-Boosting Machine, is a free and open-source distributed gradient-boosting framework for machine learning, originally developed by Microsoft. [4] [5] It is based on decision tree algorithms and used for ranking, classification and other machine learning tasks. The development focus is on performance and ...

  6. Barzilai-Borwein method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barzilai-Borwein_method

    The Barzilai-Borwein method [1] is an iterative gradient descent method for unconstrained optimization using either of two step sizes derived from the linear trend of the most recent two iterates. This method, and modifications, are globally convergent under mild conditions, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and perform competitively with conjugate gradient methods ...

  7. Adjoint state method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjoint_state_method

    The adjoint state method is a numerical method for efficiently computing the gradient of a function or operator in a numerical optimization problem. [1] It has applications in geophysics, seismic imaging, photonics and more recently in neural networks. [2] The adjoint state space is chosen to simplify the physical interpretation of equation ...

  8. Category:Gradient methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gradient_methods

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  9. Free statistical software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_statistical_software

    For example, if the data is in CSV form (text with commas between values), the program recognizes the format and creates a data set from the CSV file. Finally, the program can be used to do some analysis. In this analysis menu, the variables of interest can be selected, along with other options. Then the analysis is run and results are obtained.