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92nd Division (Colored) ("Buffalo Soldiers") 24 October 1917 26 September 1918 Maj. Gen. Charles C. Ballou Maj. Gen. Charles Martin Brig. Gen. James B. Erwin: Meuse–Argonne: 93rd Division (Colored) ("Blue Helmets") (only infantry organized) 23 November 1917 8 April 1918 Brig. Gen. Roy Hoffman: Third Aisne Second Marne
The 93rd Infantry Division was a "colored" segregated unit of the United States Army in World War I and World War II.However, in World War I only its four infantry regiments, two brigade headquarters, and a provisional division headquarters were organized, and the divisional and brigade headquarters were demobilized in May 1918.
The 366th Infantry Regiment was an all Colored unit of the United States Army that served in both World War I and World War II. [1] In the latter war, the unit was exceptional for having all black officers as well as troops. The U.S. military did not desegregate until after World War II. [2]
Colors of the 370th, with "(8th ILLS)" in banner fold. The 370th Infantry Regiment was the designation for one of the infantry regiments of the 93rd (Provisional) Infantry Division in World War I. Known as the "Black Devils", for their fierce fighting during the First World War and a segregated unit, it was the only United States Army combat unit with African-American officers.
Soldiers of the 25th Infantry, Fort Keogh, Montana, 1890. After the Civil War, the regular army was expanded to 45 infantry regiments from its wartime strength of 19. The act of Congress that authorized this included the creation of four regiments of "Colored Troops", racially segregated units with white officers and African American enlisted men.
The first six companies of the 1st Iowa Infantry Colored [1] was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and mustered into Federal forces on October 11, 1863 and on March 11, 1864 was redesignated the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment. Four additional companies were added before the end of the year.
By July 1918 Allied troops outnumbered German troops on the Western Front. Other factors also contributed to the decline of German morale, notably the pinch of the blockade and the effectiveness of the Allied propaganda, which was distributed widely by air at the front and in German cities behind the lines.
There were problems integrating the Colored stevedores into the Army. In early March 1918, approximately 300 troops of an unidentified stevedore regiment rioted and attempted to wreck a store north of Newport News, Virginia. The riot followed an argument between a Colored soldier and a White clerk at a soda fountain.