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  2. How To Clean Copper For Tarnish-Free Shine - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/clean-copper-tarnish-free...

    There are several solutions you can use to clean copper for regular maintenance or even badly oxidized copper. “Our favorite thing to use on brass is Bar Keeper’s Friend,” says McAllister ...

  3. How to Properly Clean Brass, According to an Expert - AOL

    www.aol.com/properly-clean-brass-according...

    The first step in the cleaning process is to check if your piece is fully brass or just brass-plated. The easiest way to figure out if something is made completely of brass is to stick a magnet up ...

  4. Conservation and restoration of silver objects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    Tarnish is a chemical reaction on the surface of metal (copper, brass, silver, etc.) and causes a layer of corrosion. In the case of silver tarnish, the silver combines with sulfur and forms silver sulfide (Ag 2 S), which is black. The original silver surface can be restored if the layer of silver sulfide is removed. [4]

  5. Cupellation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupellation

    16th century cupellation furnaces (per Agricola). Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals, like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, present in the ore.

  6. Tarnish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarnish

    Tungsten rods with evaporated crystals, partially oxidized with colorful tarnish. Tarnish is a thin layer of corrosion that forms over copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, neodymium and other similar metals as their outermost layer undergoes a chemical reaction. [1] Tarnish does not always result from the sole effects of oxygen in the air.

  7. Oxidizing and reducing flames - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidizing_and_reducing_flames

    With some exceptions (e.g., platinum soldering in jewelry), the oxidizing flame is usually undesirable for welding and soldering, since, as its name suggests, it oxidizes the metal's surface. [2] The same principle is important in firing pottery.

  8. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    Reduction is the final, high-temperature step in smelting, in which the oxide becomes the elemental metal. A reducing environment (often provided by carbon monoxide, made by incomplete combustion in an air-starved furnace) pulls the final oxygen atoms from the raw metal.

  9. Pickling (metal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickling_(metal)

    Most copper alloys are pickled in dilute sulfuric acid, but brass is pickled in concentrated sulfuric and nitric acid mixed with sodium chloride and soot. [ 1 ] In jewelry making , pickling is used to remove the copper oxide layer that results from heating copper and sterling silver during soldering and annealing.