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Student's t-test is a statistical test used to test whether the difference between the response of two groups is statistically significant or not. It is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t -distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a ...
Statistician William Sealy Gosset, known as "Student" In statistics, the t distribution was first derived as a posterior distribution in 1876 by Helmert [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and Lüroth . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] As such, Student's t-distribution is an example of Stigler's Law of Eponymy .
William Sealy Gosset (13 June 1876 – 16 October 1937) was an English statistician, chemist and brewer who served as Head Brewer of Guinness and Head Experimental Brewer of Guinness and was a pioneer of modern statistics. He pioneered small sample experimental design and analysis with an economic approach to the logic of uncertainty.
Most frequently, t statistics are used in Student's t-tests, a form of statistical hypothesis testing, and in the computation of certain confidence intervals. The key property of the t statistic is that it is a pivotal quantity – while defined in terms of the sample mean, its sampling distribution does not depend on the population parameters, and thus it can be used regardless of what these ...
Modern significance testing is largely the product of Karl Pearson (p-value, Pearson's chi-squared test), William Sealy Gosset (Student's t-distribution), and Ronald Fisher ("null hypothesis", analysis of variance, "significance test"), while hypothesis testing was developed by Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson (son of Karl).
It is among several named in honor of William Sealey Gosset, who wrote under the pseudonym "Student" (e.g., Student's distribution). Dividing a statistic by a sample standard deviation is called studentizing , in analogy with standardizing and normalizing .
Gosset, William Sealy (known as "Student") English: 1876: 1937: Discovered the Student t distribution and invented the Student's t-test [11] Anderson, Oskar Johann Viktor (also known as Anderson, Oskar Nikolaevich) Russian, Bulgarian, German: 1887: 1960: A leading representative of the so-called Continental School of statistics.
Studentization. In statistics, Studentization, named after William Sealy Gosset, who wrote under the pseudonym Student, is the adjustment consisting of division of a first-degree statistic derived from a sample, by a sample-based estimate of a population standard deviation. The term is also used for the standardisation of a higher-degree ...