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Statistician William Sealy Gosset, known as "Student" In statistics, the t distribution was first derived as a posterior distribution in 1876 by Helmert [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and Lüroth . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] As such, Student's t-distribution is an example of Stigler's Law of Eponymy .
Guinness Brewery. William Sealy Gosset (13 June 1876 – 16 October 1937) was an English statistician, chemist and brewer who served as Head Brewer of Guinness and Head Experimental Brewer of Guinness and was a pioneer of modern statistics. He pioneered small sample experimental design and analysis with an economic approach to the logic of ...
Student's t-test is a statistical test used to test whether the difference between the response of two groups is statistically significant or not. It is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t -distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a ...
Most frequently, t statistics are used in Student's t-tests, a form of statistical hypothesis testing, and in the computation of certain confidence intervals. The key property of the t statistic is that it is a pivotal quantity – while defined in terms of the sample mean, its sampling distribution does not depend on the population parameters, and thus it can be used regardless of what these ...
where t is a random variable distributed as Student's t-distribution with ν − 1 degrees of freedom. In fact, this implies that t i 2 /ν follows the beta distribution B(1/2,(ν − 1)/2). The distribution above is sometimes referred to as the tau distribution; [2] it was first derived by Thompson in 1935. [3]
Gosset, William Sealy (known as "Student") English: 1876: 1937: Discovered the Student t distribution and invented the Student's t-test [11] Anderson, Oskar Johann Viktor (also known as Anderson, Oskar Nikolaevich) Russian, Bulgarian, German: 1887: 1960: A leading representative of the so-called Continental School of statistics.
Modern significance testing is largely the product of Karl Pearson (p-value, Pearson's chi-squared test), William Sealy Gosset (Student's t-distribution), and Ronald Fisher ("null hypothesis", analysis of variance, "significance test"), while hypothesis testing was developed by Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson (son of Karl).
William Sealy Gosset, the English statistician better known under his pseudonym of Student, introduced Student's t-distribution, a continuous probability distribution useful in situations where the sample size is small and population standard deviation is unknown.