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Tinea nigra, also known as superficial phaeohyphomycosis and Tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris, [2] is a superficial fungal infection, a type of phaeohyphomycosis rather than a tinea, that causes usually a single 1–5 cm dark brown-black, non-scaly, flat, painless patch on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet of healthy people. [1]
PCT is a chronic condition, with external symptoms often subsiding and recurring as a result of multiple factors. In addition to the skin lesions, chronic liver disease is very common in patients with sporadic PCT. This involves hepatic fibrosis (scarring of the liver), and inflammation.
The spots derive their name from the fact that they were once incorrectly believed to be caused by liver problems, but they are physiologically unrelated to the liver, save for a similar color. [6] From the age of 40, the skin is less able to regenerate from sun exposure, and liver spots are very common in this age group, particularly in those ...
The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3] Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units , each with hair follicle , sebaceous gland , and associated arrector pili muscle. [ 4 ]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Palmoplantar: on the palm of the hand or bottom of the foot; Periorificial: around an orifice such as the mouth; Periungual/subungual: around or under a fingernail or toenail; Blaschkoid: following the path of Blaschko's lines in the skin; Photodistributed: in places where sunlight reaches; Zosteriform or dermatomal: associated with a ...
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Typically, the itching is localized to the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but can be anywhere on the body. Hallmarks of ICP include the following symptoms: [5] Most common: Itching, in particular but not limited to that of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, without presence of a rash; Itching that is more noticeable in the ...