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A Lisfranc injury, also known as Lisfranc fracture, is an injury of the foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus. [1] [2]The injury is named after Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin, a French surgeon and gynecologist who noticed this fracture pattern amongst cavalrymen in 1815, after the War of the Sixth Coalition.
The fracture typically occurs when the toes are pointed and the foot bends inwards. [6] [2] This movement may occur when changing direction while the heel is off the ground such in dancing, tennis, or basketball. [9] [10] Diagnosis is generally suspected based on symptoms and confirmed with X-rays. [3]
The foot is usually dislocated medially (80%) and superiorly, which occurs when the foot is plantar flexed and inverted. Lateral displacement occurs during eversion injuries. Associated fractures of calcaneus, cuboid and navicular are frequent. Open fractures occur in a small percentage.
While cuneiform fractures are fairly rare, the most commonly fractured cuneiform bone is the Medial cuneiform, typically the cause of a cuneiform fracture is by physical trauma (direct blow) to the cuneiform, as well as the result of an avulsion fracture and a result of axial load, [5] but can also be the result of a stress reaction that progressed with continued weight-bearing and physical ...
An avulsion fracture is a bone fracture which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma. This can occur at the ligament by the application of forces external to the body (such as a fall or pull) or at the tendon by a muscular contraction that is stronger than the forces holding the bone ...
A Tillaux fracture is a Salter–Harris type III fracture through the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis. [1] It occurs in older adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15 when the medial epiphysis had closed but before the lateral side has done so, [2] due to an avulsion of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, at the opposite end to a Wagstaffe-Le Fort avulsion fracture
A calcaneal fracture is a break of the calcaneus (heel bone). [1] Symptoms may include pain, bruising, trouble walking, and deformity of the heel . [ 1 ] It may be associated with breaks of the hip or back .
Fracture of the medial malleolus seen on X-ray scan (left ankle) Common symptoms of a Maisonneuve fracture are pain, swelling, tenderness, and bruising around the ankle joint and inferior (or distal) tibiofibular joint. More specifically, as a pronation-external rotation injury, pain during external rotation of the ankle joint is expected.