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Shell shock; Other names: Bullet air, soldier's heart, battle fatigue, operational exhaustion [1] First World War veterans displaying a few of the myriad of symptoms associated with "shell shock"/"war-neurosis". [2] Specialty: Psychiatry: Symptoms: Thousand yard stare, tremors, sensory overload, inability to speak, tinnitus, Complications
In World War I, shell shock was considered a psychiatric illness resulting from injury to the nerves during combat. The nature of trench warfare meant that about 10% of the fighting soldiers were killed (compared to 4.5% during World War II ) and the total proportion of troops who became casualties (killed or wounded) was about 57%. [ 2 ]
Shell shock or war neurosis are forms of hysteria that manifested in soldiers during war time, especially World War I. Symptoms that were previously considered somatic were reconsidered in a new light; trembling, paralysis, nightmares, mutism and apathy were grouped together in a broad spectrum psychological disorder known as "war neurosis".
Nevertheless, neurasthenia was a common diagnosis during World War I for "shell shock", [18] but its use declined a decade later. [citation needed] Soldiers who deserted their post could be executed even if they had a medical excuse, but officers who had neurasthenia were not executed. [19]
Prior to World War I, the U.S. Army considered the symptoms of battle fatigue to be cowardice or attempts to avoid combat duty. Soldiers who reported these symptoms received harsh treatment. [7] "Shell shock" had been diagnosed as a medical condition during World War I. But even before the conflict ended, what constituted shell shock was changing.
During the world wars, the condition was known under various terms, including 'shell shock', 'war nerves', neurasthenia and 'combat neurosis'. [24] [25] The term "post-traumatic stress disorder" came into use in the 1970s, in large part due to the diagnoses of U.S. military veterans of the Vietnam War. [26]
Researcher Dr. Beatrice Golomb has studied the 2023 derailment's health effects on residents since last year. Here's what she's found so far
Before the term post-traumatic stress disorder was established, people that exhibited symptoms were said to have shell shock [6] [5] [2] [3] or war neuroses. [8] [3] [9] This terminology came about in WWI when a commonality among combat soldiers was identified during psychiatric evaluations. [3]