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[6] [7] At Wesleyan, she began studying math anxiety (a phrase she coined) [citation needed] and other phenomena around the gender gap in STEM fields. She opened a math clinic, staffed by tutors and counselors, and published her first book, Overcoming Math Anxiety (1978). [8] [9] Tobias moved to Tucson in the 1980s.
A positive reading gap means that girls outperform boys (this is true in every country, so no country has a negative reading gap). There is a negative correlation between the mathematics and reading gender gaps, that is, nations with a larger mathematics gap have a smaller reading gap and vice versa. [1]
The gender gap in boys' favor is slightly bigger in mathematics but improvements over time in girls’ favor are also observed in certain countries, despite the important regional variations. Gender differences are observed within mathematical sub-topics with girls outperforming boys in topics such as algebra and geometry but doing less well in ...
A small performance difference in mathematics on the SAT [28] persists in favor of males, though the gap has shrunk from 40 points (5.0%) in 1975 [29] to 18 points (2.3%) in 2020. [30] However, the SAT is not a representative sample, given that it tests only college-bound students, and more women than men have attended college since the 1990s ...
In 2005, USA Today reported that the "college gender gap" was widening, stating that 57% of U.S. college students are female. [80] This gap has been gradually widening, and as of 2014, almost 45% of women had a bachelor's degree, compared to 32% of men with a bachelor's degree. [81]
The gender gap in mathematics is particularly large among the highest-achieving students; for example, there is a 2.1 to 1 male-female ratio among students who score an 800 on the math portion of the SAT. [21] At least one study has challenged the existence of the gender gap in mathematics.
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The trends in gender are by no means clear, but perhaps parity is still a way to go. Since 1995, studies have shown that the gender gap favored males in most mathematical standardized testing as boys outperformed girls in 15 out of 28 countries. However, as of 2015 the gender gap has almost been reversed, showing an increase in female presence.