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In game theory, fictitious play is a learning rule first introduced by George W. Brown. In it, each player presumes that the opponents are playing stationary (possibly mixed) strategies. In it, each player presumes that the opponents are playing stationary (possibly mixed) strategies.
Perfect information: A game has perfect information if it is a sequential game and every player knows the strategies chosen by the players who preceded them. Constant sum: A game is a constant sum game if the sum of the payoffs to every player are the same for every single set of strategies. In these games, one player gains if and only if ...
Separately, game theory has played a role in online algorithms; in particular, the k-server problem, which has in the past been referred to as games with moving costs and request-answer games. [125] Yao's principle is a game-theoretic technique for proving lower bounds on the computational complexity of randomized algorithms , especially online ...
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In game theory, the war of attrition is a dynamic timing game in which players choose a time to stop, and fundamentally trade off the strategic gains from outlasting other players and the real costs expended with the passage of time.
In game theory, an information set represents all possible points (or decision nodes) in a game that a given player might be at during their turn, based on their current knowledge and observations. These nodes are indistinguishable to the player due to incomplete information about previous actions or the state of the game .
Strategy-stealing was invented by John Nash in the 1940s to show that the game of hex is always a first-player win, as ties are not possible in this game. [2] However, Nash did not publish this method, and József Beck credits its first publication to Alfred W. Hales and Robert I. Jewett, in the 1963 paper on tic-tac-toe in which they also ...
In game theory, an n-player game is a game which is well defined for any number of players. This is usually used in contrast to standard 2-player games that are only specified for two players. In defining n -player games, game theorists usually provide a definition that allow for any (finite) number of players. [ 1 ]