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In the design of experiments, a between-group design is an experiment that has two or more groups of subjects each being tested by a different testing factor simultaneously. This design is usually used in place of, or in some cases in conjunction with, the within-subject design , which applies the same variations of conditions to each subject ...
The Solomon four-group design is a research method developed by Richard Solomon in 1949. [1] It is sometimes used in social science , psychology and medicine. It can be used if there are concerns that the treatment might be sensitized by the pre-test . [ 2 ]
TRACE is a connectionist model of speech perception, proposed by James McClelland and Jeffrey Elman in 1986. [1] It is based on a structure called "the TRACE", a dynamic processing structure made up of a network of units, which performs as the system's working memory as well as the perceptual processing mechanism. [2]
The reversal design is the most powerful of the single-subject research designs showing a strong reversal from baseline ("A") to treatment ("B") and back again. If the variable returns to baseline measure without a treatment then resumes its effects when reapplied, the researcher can have greater confidence in the efficacy of that treatment.
A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question(s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
Ex post facto recruitment methods are not considered true experiments, due to the limits of experimental control or randomized control that the experimenter has over the trait. This is because a control group may necessarily be selected from a discrete separate population. This research design is thus considered a quasi-experimental design.
Prototype theory is a theory of categorization in cognitive science, particularly in psychology and cognitive linguistics, in which there is a graded degree of belonging to a conceptual category, and some members are more central than others.
An example of a descriptive device used in psychological research is the diary, which is used to record observations. There is a history of use of diaries within clinical psychology . [ 20 ] Examples of psychologists that used them include B.F. Skinner (1904–1990) and Virginia Axline (1911–1988).