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Arc length is the distance between two points along a section of a curve. ... to ensure that the square root is a real number. The positive sign is chosen for ...
Since is an arbitrary "square of the arc length", completely defines the metric, and it is therefore usually best to consider the expression for as a definition of the metric tensor itself, written in a suggestive but non tensorial notation: = This identification of the square of arc length with the metric is even more easy to see in n-dimensional general curvilinear coordinates q = (q 1, q 2 ...
Arc length – Distance along a curve; Area#Area formulas – Size of a two-dimensional surface; Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric ...
Solid angles can also be measured in square degrees (1 sr = (180/ π) 2 square degrees), in square arc-minutes and square arc-seconds, or in fractions of the sphere (1 sr = 1 / 4 π fractional area), also known as spat (1 sp = 4 π sr). In spherical coordinates there is a formula for the differential,
In Euclidean geometry, an arc (symbol: ⌒) is a connected subset of a differentiable curve. Arcs of lines are called segments, rays, or lines, depending on how they are bounded. A common curved example is an arc of a circle, called a circular arc. In a sphere (or a spheroid), an arc of a great circle (or a great ellipse) is called a great arc.
12.3 Arc length. 12.4 Curvature. ... Orthogonal diameters of a circle with a square of tangents, midpoints of parallel chords and an affine image, which is an ellipse ...
A cycloid generated by a rolling circle. In geometry, a cycloid is the curve traced by a point on a circle as it rolls along a straight line without slipping. A cycloid is a specific form of trochoid and is an example of a roulette, a curve generated by a curve rolling on another curve.
The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them. This arc is the shortest path between the two points on the surface of the sphere. (By comparison, the shortest path passing through the sphere's interior is the chord between ...