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Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). [1] Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage ...
In the early 1990s, an ALZA-funded research program began to develop a new dosage form of methylphenidate for the treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). [14] Methylphenidate's short half-life required multiple doses to be administered each day to attain long-lasting coverage, which made it an ideal candidate ...
Insulin glargine, for example, is designed to precipitate after injection so it can be slowly absorbed by the body over a longer period than regular insulin would be. [13] Depot injections of insulins have been studied to better replicate the body's natural basal rate of insulin production, and which can be activated by light to control the ...
Centanafadine [sustained-release] (centanafadine SR, CTN-SR, EB-1020, EB-1020 SR) – serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [3] Dexmethylphenidate [controlled release] (CTX-1301) – norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor [4] Edivoxetine (LY-2216684) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [5]
For example, several types of microneedle patches have been developed for administering vaccines and other medications to reduce the risk of needlestick injury. [ 4 ] [ 8 ] Drug delivery is a concept heavily integrated with dosage form and route of administration , the latter sometimes being considered part of the definition. [ 9 ]
This can mean that the same dose of a drug in different forms can have different bioequivalence, as they yield different plasma concentrations and therefore have different therapeutic effects. Dosage forms with modified release (such as delayed or extended release) allow this difference to be usefully applied.
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The conventional drug delivery system is the absorption of the drug across a biological membrane, whereas the targeted release system releases the drug in a dosage form. The advantages to the targeted release system is the reduction in the frequency of the dosages taken by the patient, having a more uniform effect of the drug, reduction of drug ...