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Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder as seen on ultrasound [2] Non-contrast abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: [3] a The fundus of the gallbladder wall was thickened and the GB wall was obscure. b The intramural echogenic foci were detected by high frequency transducer.
Adenomyomatosis describes a diseased state of the gallbladder in which the gallbladder wall is excessively thick, due to proliferation of subsurface cellular layer. It is characterized by deep folds into the muscularis propria. Ultrasonography may reveal the thickened gallbladder wall with intramural diverticulae, called Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses.
Cholecystitis causes the gallbladder to become distended and firm. Distension can lead to decreased blood flow to the gallbladder, causing tissue death and eventually gangrene. [13] Once tissue has died, the gallbladder is at greatly increased risk of rupture (perforation), which can cause sharp pain.
The assertion that porcelain gallbladder increases the incidence of gallbladder cancer is widely taught in medical schools but is based on studies from 1931 and 1962. [1] A prominent study aid for surgical residents even states that the risk of cancer in a porcelain gallbladder is 15%. [2]
Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis). [1] [2]The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the ...
Gallbladder and biliary system (they can see gallstones and bile ducts) Pancreas (they can see masses and the size of the pancreatic duct because if it’s enlarged, it can be a sign of ...
The normal thickness of the small intestinal wall is 3–5 mm, [8] and 1–5 mm in the large intestine. [9] Focal, irregular and asymmetrical gastrointestinal wall thickening on CT scan suggests a malignancy. [9] Segmental or diffuse gastrointestinal wall thickening is most often due to ischemic, inflammatory or infectious disease. [9]
In some cases, gallbladder wall thickening may be seen on ultrasound but is poorly defined and lacking specificity, particularly if the characteristic Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are not visualized. This can make it difficult to distinguish adenomyomatosis from other conditions that result in gallbladder wall thickening such as gallbladder cancer.