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Noel Maurer and Carlos Yu, The Big Ditch: How America Took, Built, Ran, and Ultimately Gave Away the Panama Canal, Princeton University Press, 2011. Mary C. Swilling, "The Business of the Canal: The Economics and Politics of the Carter Administration's Panama Canal Zone Initiative, 1978". Essays in Economic & Business History (2012) 22:275-89.
The U.S. signed a treaty in 1903 that allowed it to build and operate the Canal. President Jimmy Carter gave control back to Panama in 1978 under a new treaty. One expert, though, said Cuomo’s ...
President Jimmy Carter knew that the politics of negotiating away the direct ownership of the canal would be difficult, but he wasn’t one to back away. In 1977, President Carter and Panamanian ...
President-elect Trump criticized Jimmy Carter's diplomacy that led to the Panamanians regaining control of the PCZ nearly 100 years after Teddy Roosevelt helped the U.S. take it over.
The Panama Canal cost the United States about $375 million, including $10 million paid to Panama and $40 million paid to the French company. Although it was the most expensive construction project in US history to that time, it cost about $23 million less than the 1907 estimate despite landslides and an increase in the canal's width.
The Carter administration negotiated the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, two treaties which provided that Panama would gain control of the canal in 1999. Carter's initiative faced wide resistance in the United States, and many in the public, particularly conservatives, thought that Carter was "giving away" a crucial U.S. asset. [71]
In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed a treaty with Panamanian military leader Omar Torrijos that granted Panama free control over the canal and guaranteed the waterway's permanent neutrality ...
On September 7, 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the de facto leader of Panama, General Omar Torrijos, signed the Torrijos–Carter Treaties, which set in motion the process of handing over the canal to Panamanian control by 2000. Although the canal was destined for Panamanian administration, the military bases remained, and one condition ...