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Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence". [1]
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology.At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. [8]
The track of scientific research around employee recognition and motivation was constructed on the foundation of early theories of behavioral science and psychology. [3] The earliest scientific papers on employee recognition have tended to draw upon a combination of needs-based motivation (for example, Hertzberg 1966; Maslow 1943) theories and reinforcement theory (Mainly Pavlov 1902; B.F ...
Personnel selection is the methodical process used to hire (or, less commonly, promote) individuals.Although the term can apply to all aspects of the process (recruitment, selection, hiring, onboarding, acculturation, etc.) the most common meaning focuses on the selection of workers.
Personnel psychology is a subfield of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. [1] Personnel psychology is the area of I-O psychology that primarily deals with the recruitment, selection and evaluation of personnel, and with other job aspects such as morale, job satisfaction, and relationships between managers and workers in the workplace. [2]
High morale will cause employees to put in extra effort, find ways to work more efficiently, and do higher quality work. [6] An employer with a well-known track record of high morale among employees is also much more likely to attract and retain high talent employees. High morale provides a competitive edge in good times and bad.
Organizational rewards and job conditions play a large role in perceived organizational support as well. Sometimes, extrinsic motivation can mean more to an employee than intrinsic motivation because perceived appreciation has the power to turn a bitter employee into a content employee. Eisenberger and Rhoades discuss the many ways that ...
Managers are always looking for mistakes from employees, because they do not trust their work. [6] Theory X is a "we versus they" approach, meaning it is the management versus the employees. [6] The soft approach is characterized by leniency and less strict rules in hopes for creating high workplace morale and cooperative employees. [7]