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Overbite is the extent of vertical (superior-inferior) overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors, [1] measured relative to the incisal ridges. [2] The term overbite does not refer to a specific condition, nor is it a form of malocclusion. Rather an absent or excess overbite would be a malocclusion.
Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) [1] is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction to preserve the dental alveolus (tooth socket) in the alveolar bone. A platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) [ 2 ] membrane containing bone growth enhancing elements can be stitched over the wound or a graft material or scaffold is placed ...
Ensure the patient's head posture is correct and the lips are at rest to establish the resting lip line. Similarly, to assess the incisor/gum show on smiling, the patient needs to fully smile to allow the upper lip to rise to its maximum height. The average showing of the incisors when the lips are at rest is 1/3 of its clinical crown height.
Like any other bone in the human body, alveolar bone is modified throughout life. Osteoblasts create bone and osteoclasts destroy it, especially if force is placed on a tooth. [ 32 ] As is the case when movement of teeth is attempted through orthodontics, an area of bone under compressive force from a tooth moving toward it has a high ...
Class II: The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors Division 1 – the upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet; Division 2 – The upper central incisors are retroclined. The overjet is usually minimal or may be increased. Class III: The lower ...
Class II: The retrusion of the lower jaw with distal occlusion of the lower teeth (or in other words, the maxillary first molar occludes anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molars) [4] Class II div 1: class II relationship with proclined upper central incisors (overjet)
Like any other bone in the human body, alveolar bone is modified throughout life. Osteoblasts create bone and osteoclasts destroy it, especially if force is placed on a tooth. [ 38 ] As is the case when movement of teeth is attempted through orthodontics using bands, wires, or appliances, an area of bone under compressive force from a tooth ...
In 1891, Victor Haderup devised a variant of eight tooth quadrant system in which plus (+) and minus (-) were used to differentiate between upper and lower quadrants, and between right and left quadrants (e.g., +1 = upper right central incisor; 1- = lower left central incisor). Primary teeth were numbered as upper right (05+ to 01+), lower left ...