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Typhoon Goni, known as Super Typhoon Rolly, was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone that made landfall as a Category 5 equivalent super typhoon on Catanduanes in the Philippines, and in Vietnam as a tropical storm. It is the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone on record by 1-minute maximum sustained winds.
The Philippines is a typhoon-prone country, with approximately twenty tropical cyclones entering its area of responsibility per year. Locally known generally as bagyo (), [3] typhoons regularly form in the Philippine Sea and less often, in the South China Sea, with the months of June to September being the most active, August being the month with the most activity.
October 31 – November 1, 2020: Typhoon Goni (Rolly) made landfall over Catanduanes as a Category 5 super typhoon; one of the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone on record by 1-minute sustained winds. Damages were up to ₱20 billion (US$369 million), making it the seventh costliest typhoon in the country.
For the intensity scale, PAGASA lowered the threshold wind speed for classifying super typhoons from 220 km/h to 185 km/h and defined a super typhoon as an extreme tropical cyclone with 10-minute maximum sustained winds reaching 185 km/h or greater (the range of wind speed for typhoon category is consequently adjusted to 118–184 km/h).
The monstrous typhoon first made landfall over eastern Visayas with the JTWC unofficially estimating wind speeds of up to 305 km/h (190 mph). This made Haiyan the strongest storm globally to make landfall, in terms of 1-minute sustained wind speeds, until the record was broken by Super Typhoon Rolly (Goni) 7 years later.
At the same time, the JTWC estimated the system's one-minute sustained winds at 315 km/h (195 mph), unofficially making Haiyan the strongest tropical cyclone ever observed based on wind speed, a record which would later be surpassed by Hurricane Patricia in 2015 at 345 km/h (215 mph). [5]
By 10-minute sustained wind speed, the strongest tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean was Cyclone Fantala. Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985. [6]
The JMA divides the typhoon category into three categories, with a 10-minute maximum wind speed below 84 kn (43 m/s; 97 mph; 156 km/h) assigned for the (strong) typhoon category. A very strong typhoon has wind speeds between 85–104 kn (44–54 m/s; 98–120 mph; 157–193 km/h), while a violent typhoon has wind speeds of 105 kn (54 m/s; 121 ...