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The Panic of 1857 was a financial crisis in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy. Because of the invention of the telegraph by Samuel F. Morse in 1844, the Panic of 1857 was the first financial crisis to spread rapidly throughout the United States. [ 1 ]
January. 6 – Marthinus Wessel Pretorius becomes the first President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic (Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek). [4]June. 29 – Act no. 10 of 29 June 1857 grants the Cape Town Railway and Dock Company approval to construct a 57-mile long (92-kilometre) railway between Cape Town and Wellington.
South African Constitution of 1961; South African Constitution of 1983 This page was last edited on 4 May 2022, at 02:52 (UTC). Text is ...
The Constitution is formally entitled the "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996." It was previously also numbered as if it were an Act of Parliament – Act No. 108 of 1996 – but, since the passage of the Citation of Constitutional Laws Act , [ 2 ] neither it nor the acts amending it are allocated act numbers.
1857 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1857th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 857th year of the 2nd millennium, the 57th year of the 19th century, and the 8th year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1857, the ...
Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Sir George Grey. [1] [2] Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal: John Scott. State President of the Orange Free State: Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff. [3] President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius. [4]
The Panic of 1857 began in the summer of that year, when the New York branch of Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company announced its insolvency. [77] The crisis spread rapidly, and by the fall, 1,400 state banks and 5,000 businesses had gone bankrupt. Unemployment and hunger became common in northern cities, but the agricultural south was more ...
The Volksraad of the South African Republic (English: "People's Council" of the South African Republic, Afrikaans: Volksraad van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek) was the parliament of the former South African Republic (ZAR), it existed from 1840 [1] to 1877, [2] and from 1881 to 1902 [3] in part of what is now South Africa.