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Sand separation and classification Hydrocyclones used for sand separation and classification and as a separator of sand from water or sludge [1] Oil-water separation: Separation of oil and water in, among other things, the offshore industry; Dewatering: Concentration of slurry and dewater sludge for disposal [2] [3]
Downhole oil–water separation (DOWS) technology is an emerging technology that separates oil and gas from produced water at the bottom of the well, and re-injects most of the produced water into another formation which is usually deeper than the producing formation, while the oil and gas rich stream is pumped to the surface.
It can be located immediately downstream of the production separators prior to low pressure water treatment system such as dissolved gas flotation. In this case the degasser may also act as a surge drum to ensure a steady flow of water to the treatment plant. Alternatively, it can be located downstream of produced water hydrocyclones. [4]
An oil producing well is usually completed to pump all produced fluids to the surface where the fluids will be separated into their constituent components. In the early life of most oil producing wells, more petroleum will usually be produced than produced water. The produced water is considered to be wastewater that will need to be treated.
Similar separators are used in the oil refining industry (e.g. for Fluid catalytic cracking) to achieve fast separation of the catalyst particles from the reacting gases and vapors. [3] Analogous devices for separating particles or solids from liquids are called hydrocyclones or hydroclones.
The separated materials is discharged from one end of the cyclone where treated water is discharged through the opposite end for further treatment, filtration or discharge. Hydrocyclones can also be utilised in a variety of context from solid-liquid separation to oil-water separation. [56] [57] [58] [59]
Produced water from the separators is treated in a degassing vessel and hydrocyclones to an oil-in-water concentration of less than 30 ppm prior to discharge overboard. [4] Gas from the separators is compressed in the LP Compressor, Intermediate Pressure (IP) Compressor, HP Compressor and Export/Lift Compressor. There is also a gas dehydration ...
The operation of hydrocyclones is controlled by pressure instrumentation that maintains fixed differential pressures between the inlet and the oil and water outlets. [4] Turbo-expanders are controlled by maintaining the inlet pressure (PIC) at a constant value by controlling the angle of the expander inlet vanes.